| Extraction Method | Characteristics | Flavor Profile | Origin |
|-------------------|-----------------|----------------|--------|
| Espresso | Concentrated shot using high pressure. Extracted quickly, typically in 25-30 seconds.<br><br>Requires specialized equipment and finely ground coffee. | Intense flavor with a rich crema on top.<br><br>Full-bodied and robust, often used as a base for milk-based drinks. | Originated in Italy in the early 20th century.<br><br>Now popular worldwide, especially in cafes and restaurants. |
| Pour Over | Manual brewing method where hot water is poured over ground coffee in a filter.<br><br>Gravity draws the water through the grounds, allowing for control over brewing variables. | Clean taste with bright acidity.<br><br>Light to medium body, often highlighting the coffee's subtle flavors and aromas. | Popularized by the Hario V60 from Japan and the Chemex from Germany.<br><br>Variations of this method exist globally, each with unique characteristics. |
| French Press | Immersion method using a metal mesh filter. Typically involves a steeping time of about 4-5 minutes.<br><br>Simple design with a plunger mechanism to separate grounds from brewed coffee. | Full-bodied with a rich mouthfeel.<br><br>Often contains some sediment, which contributes to its robust flavor profile. Allows natural oils to remain in the coffee. | Invented in France in the 1850s.<br><br>Gained widespread popularity in the 1960s and remains a favorite for its simplicity and rich results. |
| Cold Brew | Long steeping time of 12-24 hours using room temperature or cold water.<br><br>No heat involved in the brewing process, resulting in a distinct extraction profile. | Smooth taste with low acidity.<br><br>Slightly sweet flavor profile, often less bitter than hot brewed coffee. Concentrate can be diluted or used in various coffee drinks. | Traditional roots in Kyoto, Japan, where it was known as "Kyoto-style" coffee.<br><br>Modern popularity surged in the United States in the 2010s, becoming a staple in many cafes and homes. |
| AeroPress | Pressure brewing method using a paper microfilter.<br><br>Quick extraction in about 1-2 minutes. Compact and portable design. | Clean cup with a balanced flavor.<br><br>Offers versatile brewing options to suit different taste preferences. Can produce a coffee similar to espresso or a longer, American-style cup. | Invented in the United States in 2005 by Alan Adler.<br><br>Quickly gained a cult following among coffee enthusiasts and travelers for its versatility and compact design. |
| Moka Pot | Stovetop brewing device using pressure.<br><br>Features a unique three-chamber design that forces hot water through coffee grounds. | Strong, espresso-like coffee with a rich flavor.<br><br>Can be slightly bitter if not brewed carefully. Often used as a base for milk-based drinks at home. | Invented in Italy in 1933 by Alfonso Bialetti.<br><br>Remains a staple in many Italian households and has gained popularity worldwide as an affordable alternative to espresso machines. |
| Siphon | Vacuum brewing method using a two-chamber glass apparatus.<br><br>Heat and vapor pressure drive the brewing process, creating a visually striking brewing method. | Clean, crisp taste that highlights delicate flavors.<br><br>Often described as having a tea-like body and clarity. Prized for its ability to bring out nuanced flavors in high-quality coffees. | Invented in Germany in the 1830s.<br><br>